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The folly of defacing and or removing copyright information from photographs.
Distributed courtesy of PACA, Picture Archive Council of America
www.stockindustry.org A. Damages for removal of Copyright Management Information The DMCA serves as a powerful tool for copyright owners because it provides additional protection distinct from that already afforded under the Copyright Act. Additionally, the DMCA allows for supplemental statutory damages. The DMCA is different from the rest of the Copyright Act in several ways. First, the DMCA does not prohibit copyright infringement; the DMCA prohibits certain activities that could lead to copyright infringement. Second, the remedies afforded under the DMCA are different than the remedies provided for under the Copyright Act for copyright infringement. Third, the DMCA entitles "anyone injured by a violation" of Section 1202 to sue for statutory damages, unlike the Copyright Act, which only permits certain persons to sue for statutory damages. One title of the DMCA, Section 1202, provides new civil and criminal remedies against those who remove or falsify copyright management information from copyrighted works. Copyright Management Information ("CMI") includes information typically contained in a notice of copyright such as the title, the name of the copyright holder, identifying numbers, and terms and conditions for use. Section 1202 implements two new prohibitions. The first prohibition in Section 1202 makes it unlawful for persons to knowingly provide, distribute or import false CMI for distribution "with the intent to induce, enable, facilitate, or conceal infringement." The second prohibition in Section 1202 makes it unlawful to intentionally remove or alter CMI, or knowingly distribute or import for distribution CMI that has been removed or altered. Remedies for violations of this provision are also quite high. For example, statutory damages (an amount awarded in the court's discretion) range from not less than $2,500 and not more than $25,000 per violation. Moreover, these damages may be tripled if the court finds that the infringer is a repeat offender (has violated Section 1202 twice within three years). Criminal remedies for a violation of this section are also provided for. To date, there are few cases that address claims brought under Section 1202. However, as more photographers distribute images in digital format and either watermark or imbed metadata that includes CMI, actions under Section 1202 could become more significant. |
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