In article , PeterN
wrote:

When did the 5s sell for 99 cents?

right now, and for free:
http://www.apple.com/shop/buy-iphone/iphone5s/16gb-space-gray-verizon

The price is clearly stated to be $450...

That is unlocked and contract, and SIM free.

Which is why I think some confuse the initial payment with total cost.

something which the carriers know and fully exploit.